Advice
Is it okay to lie to someone with dementia?
A person with dementia might ask questions that are difficult to answer truthfully without causing distress. Read our advice on why the person might be asking these questions and how to respond in situations where it might be better to lie or to not tell the whole truth.
I try not to lie, honestly, but some things push the boundaries: “Socks! You shouldn’t have”; “Oh, I thought you meant I should eat the entire cake” and – often to my subsequent regret – “No, I'd love to have your mother visit”.
Being a bit flexible with the truth is just part of the social contract, it seems - the price we pay for jogging along in relative peace. But what if one of us has dementia? What price comes with telling the truth then?
Types of questions a person with dementia might ask
The questions people living with dementia ask can challenge us. You may recognise some of these from your own experience:
- When is dad coming to visit? (When the person’s father is sadly long dead)
- Will I be going home soon? (Person living in a nursing home)
- Shall I set the table for the guests? (From a former B&B owner, now in residential care)
- You seem nice... but who are you? (Person to their partner)
- Who are those little people by the window? (Person could be living anywhere)
For those close to people with dementia, how to respond to their questions can be a daily challenge. Is it acceptable to lie – ever? Or should we just tell the brutal truth - always?
How we respond will affect how the person and us feel and behave, now and in the future. We feel that if we get things ‘wrong’ we might damage a relationship that may well be already strained.
Why might a person with dementia ask difficult questions?
Difficult questions often arise when the person is living in a different reality and/or has different beliefs from those around them.
These differences may become more apparent as dementia progresses but they are not limited to the condition’s later stages. They include:
- behaving as a younger version of themselves (time-shifted)
- beliefs – sometimes strongly held – that are false to others (delusions)
- unfounded suspicions or allegations about others (infidelity, malice, deceit)
- experiencing things that aren’t there (visual hallucinations).
We need to understand that these realities and beliefs often have meaning for the person with dementia, and we should not belittle or dismiss them.
Rather, as with changes in behaviour, the challenge when supporting someone is to get behind the words, rather than attribute them as simply dementia ‘symptoms’. (Hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies may be an exception because they can be a symptom.)
For example, if someone with dementia asks for their dad, they may be expressing a need for comfort which is not being met.
If someone says they are setting the table for 'guests', maybe it's because they are looking for something to do, or are using older, more familiar memories to make sense of the present. When someone with dementia invents a story, it may be a coping strategy to support self-esteem.
When someone with dementia unknowingly invents a story – which is called confabulation – it may be a coping strategy to make sense of the world around them.
Should you always tell the truth to a person with dementia?
Is it important to recognise that 'truth' and 'lies' are not always simple or clear cut.
A spectrum runs from ‘whole-truth telling’ through ‘looking for alternative meaning’, to ‘distracting’, ‘going along with’ and finally ‘lying’.
As we move through this sequence the level of deception rises and we feel less at ease; who likes lying to a loved one?
It feels uncontroversial that we would all want our default response setting to be telling the whole truth. But it is equally obvious that the whole truth can sometimes be brutal or cause pain or discomfort. Who would support telling the whole truth when a person repeatedly asks after a long-dead parent as if the parent were still alive?
The whole truth here could mean repeatedly breaking the news of the parent’s death as if it has just happened, over and over again. What could be more cruel?
Selecting the correct response to reduce distress
We instinctively want to lean towards the ‘whole truth' end of the spectrum, but we also want to minimise any distress our response causes to the person with dementia.
But these aims often contradict, leaving us to seek a balancing act or a ‘least-bad’ trade-off. (We should not forget our own wellbeing either, as we don’t want to end up feeling bad about ourselves.)
One consequence of this approach is that we tell a direct lie only when doing anything else would cause the person significant physical or psychological harm. Professionals sometimes call this a ‘therapeutic lie’, but it needs to be seen a bit like antipsychotic drugs: used only under very select conditions and even then only with extreme care.
It’s also really important to recognise how hard this balancing act can be, and how impossible it can sometimes feel. This is true particularly if the person’s realities/beliefs fluctuate – for example, if they are time-shifted only some of the time.
Carers can often find themselves being unfairly accused or argued with, find that their own reality is being suppressed, or feel unnecessarily guilty if they occasionally get their response ‘wrong’.
Responding to difficult questions from a person with dementia
Although every case needs taking individually, some guiding principles to start with include:
- be compassionate
- try to understand and acknowledge the person’s feelings
- seek to reduce distress and promote wellbeing or happiness.
When a person with dementia thinks you have stolen from them
Let’s take an example of a person who believes you stole their purse, on the assumption that the person’s suspicion is unfounded and they’ve simply mislaid it and forgotten where it is.
Perhaps this has happened before and when you found the lost purse you returned it with a whole truth: ‘I didn’t steal it; I found it in a drawer where you put it’.
If this approach has caused an argument or distress, it may be better to try something less blunt next time: ‘It looks like it wasn’t stolen after all, it was just hiding upstairs’. If it’s a common accusation, trial-and-error can be useful in finding a suitable approach.
When a person with dementia asks about a deceased love one
If you think the person needs comfort or assurance, then ‘Is there something you wanted to speak with them about?’ might work.
The person with dementia may just want to reminisce about the person, and you could try saying something like, ‘I can tell you really cared for each other – tell me about them’, perhaps reinforced with personal photos, letters, or objects.
Or it may be that the person with dementia is still grieving, in which case gently acknowledging that their partner has died and supporting them to grieve might be best – for example by talking about their relationship and the person’s life.
As is so often the case for a person with dementia, feeling heard may be more important than being given advice.
But if the question here is frequent and the grief severe, then the kindest response is likely to be to acknowledge the person’s feelings and gently move them on to a topic or activity that you know they will enjoy. This is clearly ‘distraction’ but it should still not deny or ignore their feelings.
This article was first published in 2019 and most recently updated in February 2024.
Kate
saysPaul Button
saysMrs PK
saysVeronica Ashby
saysMoussa Haddad
saysThanks for your comment, Moussa. We agree that respecting people’s values about food and drink is really important.
You may want to read about our ‘This is me’ leaflet, which can be used by people living with dementia, and their carers, to record details such as cultural and family background, dietary requirements and preferences. This can be used in any setting, for example in hospitals and care homes, to help health professionals deliver care that is tailored to people’s needs.
You can download our ‘This is me’ leaflet online, or order a copy by post: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/publications-factsheets/this-is-me
Thank you
Alzheimer’s Society blog team
Anna
saysPeter Clark
saysLiz
saysI work in care homes and my question is around the care plans. I am in favour of 'little white lies/avoiding the truth' where necessary to avoid distress, but my role involves care plan writing and I believe it is better to be up front and state how we would manage situations and information in care plans can enable staff to respond consistently, however I just KNOW that to be totally open and put in writing how we manage situations will draw criticism. Also, we have to read through care plans with residents and their families, so the 'white lies' would be available for the resident to see. I guess the same would apply to covert medication for example. I know we have to gain authorisation from a GP and complete an MCA/Best Interest Decision, etc. but again when residents are encouraged to view their care plans, the 'deception' albeit with good intentions and out of necessity, is exposed. I would be very interested to get other people's thoughts as I struggle to get direct answers from senior colleagues/external agencies who seem reluctant to commit to a response .
Theresa Singh
saysHi, I'm really struggling with what to say to my husband when he asks about his sister who passed away more than 10 years ago. I struggle because he asks me directly "is she alive".
A closed question that leave me no 'wriggle room' to respond. He is usually looking upset when he asks and I think that he knows the answer but can't make sense of it.
I cant keep confirming that she's passed away as his grief is so intense and lasts for hours.
He is asking at least once a week.
I just need help to formulate a standard and believable response. I'm finding that I am starting to get anxious anticipating this situation occurring again.
Thank you for your suggestions /advice
Patti Hall
saysI’m a psych nurse with years of experience working with geriatric patients who have dementia. I have seen the heart wrenching grief patients experience when told the truth—it’s cruel and unnecessary. If told the factual truth they relieve the extreme, intense sadness they felt when they first learned of their loved one’s death. When they ask tomorrow or next week it will happen again—and again and again.
From childhood we are taught not to lie, and most religions teach that lying is a sin. But, deliberately hurting another is also wrong and sinful—and is a greater sin than lying. No matter how many times you tell a person who has later stages of dementia they will not remember what you said. If they do occasionally remember that their spouse or mother died it would be in the context of ‘years ago.’)
If you’re really torn about their need to know, you might say, “Yes, mom is alive in our hearts” or, “I haven’t seen mom this week, either.” But, these evasive responses don’t typically work, they just provoke more confusion and questions.
My response when my dad asked these questions was, “Your mom just went to visit the neighbor.” (or something similar). My rationale was it was probably technically true; they both died years ago, so grandma did join her friend. My grandmother was always visiting her neighbor so it was believable, and my dad very much believed in heaven—where I imagine grandma and Millie were both playing cards, joking and laughing—as they always did.
Joseph John Teeling
saysJoyce Brackenridge
saysJulie
saysMy mum was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s vascular dementia last year which was initially put down to grief / depression following the sudden loss of my Dad in Aug 2019 after 54 years of marriage. Dad had prostrate cancer and mum had cared for him for 4 years.
I care for my mum alone with my husband and 2,teenage boys - my sister doesn’t live local so the majority of care is on my shoulders. I enjoy looking after mum and have changed my job to part time to be around more for her. I am currently considering anther career change to a caregiver so it will allow be the flexibility to take mum to her memory classes and COGS groups but my husband is worried this will be too much fit me - he feels I am making too many changes for mum and too much pressure on my shoulders.
Can anyone advise ?
Anonymous
saysHi Julie,
We're sorry to hear about your mum. It sounds like you're in a difficult position on whether to take on more caring responsibilities.
We'd recommend discussing this with one of our expert dementia advisers, who can listen to you, talk through your situation, and provide specific advice and guidance. You can call our Dementia Connect support line on 0333 150 3456. (More details, including opening hours, are available here: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/dementia-connect-support-line)
You might also like to join our online community, Talking Point, where carers and other people affected by dementia can share their experiences and receive peer support. This could be a great place for you to get help and advice from other people who have been in similar situations: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/dementia-talking-point-our-on…
In the meantime, you may want to read our booklet, 'Caring for a person with dementia: A practical guide', which you can view online, download, or order by post: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/publications-factsheets/carin…
We hope this helps, Julie. Please talk to one of our dementia advisers if you need advice.
Alzheimer's Society blog team
Linda
saysIS IT RIGHT OR WRONG TO LIE TO PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA?
I dealt daily with my Mom’s dementia for 7 years. There is no exact answer for “lying or not” with a dementia patient!!! There were times I told my mother the truth because I sensed knowing would ease her anxiety or anger. She was furious with my Dad and complained bitterly one day about his lack of consideration for going out and not telling her or leaving a note. (My Dad had been dead for 12 years at that point). When I told her Daddy was dead and we talked about him and I assured her that her husband would be right here with her if he were alive. She was comforted and calmed. There were other occasions, when I was out of town, and I would speak to her in the evening. She expressed loneliness and anxiety. It did no good to remind her that I had just been with her the day before because she could not remember. HER ANXIETY WAS RIGHT THEN. I would lie and say ,” I will see you in the morning “, even when I knew it would be three days before I could be with her. Keeping her calm and reassured was THE MOST IMPORTANT THING. I lied frequently when it was what would comfort her or calm her or keep her safe. I NEVER argued with her when she was wrong because it would have been as reasonable as arguing with a cocker spaniel.
My Mom lived her last years for the most part happy, or at least content. She did not have the problematic episodes of depression or combativeness or wandering; which is so common to Alzheimer’s patients. I AM CONVINCED IT IS BECAUSE I ADAPTED TO HER WORLD instead of trying to keep her in the “real” world - that was totally beyond her comprehension. I validated her worries and focused consistently on reassuring her that everything was OK. If she said,”I can’t remember”- I would say, “ It is okay, I remember and will tell you what you want to know”. Even if it meant I repeated A LOT! . I will not be convinced it was wrong and her gerontologist told me my Mom was a pleasure because, she was happy- a rarity in his practice.
Denzil
saysHi Linda my mum is in her early stages of this, and I am so grateful for your post and for the practical point of view and suggestions that have worked so well for you. Thank you - I am optimistic that my mum's personality will be able to sustain us all, in the days ahead, when I'm going to have to return to your wisdom often, I fear. Optimism is certainly what I need right now.
Bonnita spencer
saysJ
saysVeronica Ashby
saysBridget Bicheno
saysI have visited a lady with dementia recently with her son, he wanted me to go in 3 times a week. It didn't go well and she wss angry with her son for suggesting it. Now I'm visiting with hef daughter while she is staying with her mother. Her daughger asked me to say I am her friend, but what if her mother femembers me and asks if I have been before?
Hi Bridget,
Thanks for getting in touch. It sounds like you're in a difficult situation.
We'd recommend discussing it with one of our expert dementia advisers, who can talk it through and provide advice and guidance. You can call our Dementia Connect support line on 0333 150 3456. (More details, including opening hours, are available here: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/dementia-connect-support-line)
We also have an online community, Talking Point, where carers and other people affected by dementia can share their experiences and receive peer support: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/dementia-talking-point-our-on…
We hope this helps
Alzheimer's Society blog team
Nicola
saysMy dad has been diagnosed with vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s two and a half years ago. I’m that time he has mainly remained steady but lockdown has been hard for him. He listened to the radio every day and heard constant ads to stay in and stay safe and wouldn’t go out or open his windows. Prior to that I had been told by his on/off partner and some friends that he wasn’t washing himself or his clothes as well. He’s still in denial he has the condition and won’t accept help. As soon as we were able to we bought him to our house To join our bubble which he has been to numerous times over the years so knows our house well. There was lots I noticed apart from the clothes issue - he packed mainly dirty clothes, had 3 dosset packs of tablets he asked the same questions many times and in much quicker succession than I had seen before. I noticed definable good and bad days. Then the biggy he admitted to forgetting important things his address, where he is going? And how to open his front door. I then rushed around making phone calls to try and get him help and support and when they spoke to my dad he refused all of it. I was so angry with him even though I called him and we had an argument about it. I feel totally helpless that I know he needs more support in certain areas and because he said he’s fine and he’s fed up of people telling him what he should be doing he won’t get it. After that when I was due to visit him he called on the morning of it and told me he was ill and not to come down. This is not the first time it has happened and is always after I have called him out.
Hi Nicola,
Thanks for getting in touch. I'm sorry to hear that you and your dad have been having a difficult time.
It sounds like you could do with some support, so please call our Dementia Connect support line on 0333 150 3456 or email us at [email protected]. One of our trained dementia advisers will be able to learn a bit more about your situation and give some ideas, advice and support.
Hope this helps, Nicola.
Alzheimer's Society blog team
Bonnita spencer
saysPeter Tomkins
saysWith my wife I quickly realised that when told her Mother and Sister were long dead it was not the fact that they were dead that upset her but the fact that she had forgotten it.
RWD
saysAlan
saysI had a partner, now passed, who quite frequently saw other non-existing persons in the room or outside in the garden. Sometimes she said these were her relations. At first I said I didn't think there was anyone there. These delusions did not seem to worry or threaten her, so I changed to saying they were there to see she was alright, or similar. Seemed to work. Might help someone..
SANDRA-LEE
saysI care for a lady with dementia for the last 3.5 years. She seems to go through a cycle of violence similar to an abusive partner would. After she strikes out she calms down significantly. I was wondering if anyone else experiences this.
A B
saysMy husband of 20 plus years has not been diagnosed with dementia. I have been considering seeking a diagnosis. As joint owners of a business in which he has been the intellectual force our small team is suffering from his diminishing skills but lacl of recognition of the fact. From reading all of the comments it seems there is no point In seeking a diagnosis. Continuing with my practical plans to extracate us both and retire at whatever cost seems to be my only solution in hope that removing the stress as he is unable to complete projects, in the field in which he is a respected expert, become beyond him. I am sad to hear that there is so little assistance we are in our 60s, this could be a long and lonely journey.