Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) happens when too much fluid builds up in a person’s brain without increasing pressure in their brain tissue.

Some people with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience a loss of some of their mental abilities. This happens if damage caused by the MS occurs in certain parts of the brain.

Huntington's disease is an inherited disease causing abnormal movements and problems with coordination.

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a rare condition in which parts of the brain become damaged and begin to shrink.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, but there are many rarer diseases and conditions that can lead to dementia, dementia-like symptoms or mild cognitive impairment.

There are genetic tests that may be useful for people affected by dementia. Read more about genetic testing for dementia – what it involves, what it can help with and when it is covered on the NHS.

There are some rarer types of dementia that are caused by a single-gene change. These types of dementia can be directly inherited from parent to child.