Mark and his mum chatting in the garden with tea

What not to say to somebody with dementia

Words can be helpful and uplifting, but also hurtful and frustrating depending on the situation. Here, we look at some words and questions to try to avoid when talking to a person with dementia.

For a person living with dementia, language and communication can become more difficult over time. The type of difficulties a person will face as dementia progresses will be different for each individual.

The type and stage of the person's dementia will also be a factor. While the person living with the condition may have difficulties with finding the right word, the words that other people use are important too.

Good communication can be key to helping the quality of life for the person with dementia. Here are a few of the words and questions it may be best to avoid in conversation.

7 things to avoid saying to somebody with dementia

1. 'Remember when...?'

While it can be tempting to try and jog the memory of somebody living with dementia, this kind of question may highlight the fact that the person has memory problems.  It can also sometimes feel like the person is being tested.

This can be a frustrating or painful experience, and there’s also no evidence that prompting the person in this way will help them to recall or hold on to memories. It can be pleasant and comforting to talk about the past, however, it’s usually more helpful to lead the conversation and allow the person to join in. 

Try this instead:

Instead of posing a question, try leading with I remember when…’. That way, the person can search their memory calmly without feeling embarrassed, then join in if they like.

2. 'I've just told you that'

It can be difficult answering the same question several times, especially when you are trying to keep frustration or upset from your voice.

However, reminding the person that you have just answered their question will not help them retain the information for next time, it is likely to just remind them of their condition. This can be distressing for you both. Bear in mind, that for them, it is likely to feel like the first time they have asked the question.

Try this instead:

Try to remember that the person cannot help repeating themselves. It is important for them to feel heard and understood.

Answer repeated questions calmly and patiently, with an even tone of voice. If you feel the need, take a break, and remove yourself from the conversation for a while.

3. 'Your brother died 10 years ago'

A person living with dementia may forget about a past bereavement or ask for somebody who has died. Reminding them of a loved one's death can be very painful, and they may react as though hearing the news for the first time all over again.

How to respond to these types of difficult questions will vary for different people in different circumstances, however, it's always important to show sensitivity and minimise any distress.

Try this instead:

For some people, encouraging them to talk about the person they are asking about can be comforting.  Distraction techniques can be useful, although try not to avoid the question if they keep asking, as this can cause the person to feel more anxious.

Find out how the person is feeling, sometimes asking about a particular family member or friend is due to the person having an unmet need, such as wanting comfort or reassurance.

Our dementia advisers are here for you.

4. 'What did you do this morning?'

Avoid asking too many open-ended questions about the past, as it could be stressful for a person with dementia if they can’t remember the answer. While it might seem polite to ask somebody about their day, it’s better to focus on what’s happening in the present.

Try this instead:

Instead of asking them about their day, speak briefly about your day and give them time to ask you questions about it.

They might then offer information about what they have done. Talk to them about the present and use items in the environment such as photos or ornaments to stimulate conversation.

5. 'Do you recognise me?'

It can be distressing when somebody with dementia doesn’t recognise you, especially if you have a close relationship with them. Remember that it is likely to be upsetting for them to not recognise people around them too.

Asking the person if they know who you are can make them feel guilty or anxious if they don't remember or offended if they do. 

Try this instead:

The way you greet somebody with dementia might change depending on the stage of their condition – judge for yourself but keep it friendly. A warm hello could suffice, or it may help to say your name and your relationship to them each time.

6. 'Let’s have a cup of tea now, then after that we can go for nice walk and get lunch and something else to drink in that café you like next to the big church in town.’

Long, complex sentences can be difficult to grasp for somebody with dementia. It's difficult to process several ideas at once as cognitive abilities slow down, so it's better to give directions or instructions one step at a time.

Try this instead:

Use short, simple sentences as much as possible. Avoid speaking too much in loud or busy environments, and wait until you have the person’s full attention before you start. During a conversation, give the person enough time to process what you are saying.

7. 'I'll just help you use your little spoon there, love?'

‘Elderspeak’ - which can involve talking in a high-pitched voice, using words like ‘love’ or ‘deary’, and generally speaking to the person like they are a child - should be avoided.  This can be patronising and infantilising for a person with dementia. 

Try this instead:

Always remember the person behind the dementia.  It’s fine if the person needs you to speak slower than usual, but try to keep your tone of voice the same as with anyone else.  

Some people may like being called ‘love’ or ‘dear’, but unless you know the person it is usually best to use their name instead. This helps keep their dignity intact.
 

This article was first published in 2017 and most recently updated in January 2024.

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339 comments

Should you tell someone in hospital with dementia that they are in the hospital if they ask ?

Hello Madeleine,
Thanks for getting in touch. In some situations, you may decide that not telling the truth is in the person’s best interests. Decisions need to be made based on the individual, their history and others knowledge of them.
We suggest reading our resource titled 'Making decisions and managing difficult situations': https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/media/8196 There's a specific section titled 'Telling the truth to people with dementia', which may be of particular interest in this situation. This information is also available to view as a webpage: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/daily-living/making-decisions…
Additionally, our National Dementia Helpline advisers are available seven days a week to offer advice, information and support: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/national-dementia-helpline
You may also benefit from joining our online community, Dementia Talking Point, where you can connect with other people affected by dementia to share your experiences: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/dementia-talking-point-our-on…
We hope this helps.
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Alzheimer's Society blog team

Found this really helpful thank you

Thank you, these was excellent advice

This is a good article and here are some practical things to complement some of the points. I sing at a nursing home and the majority of those in the group I sing to are at some stage of memory loss. Interestingly enough they know at least the choruses of old songs, like "Count Your Blessings". On point 1, I never try to lead them into something from their past. If I want to engage them in a conversation, I try to involve their sense of humour, which most still have. A question like, "Did you know that I'm a blessing?" gets more laughs that puzzled looks. On point 2, I try to deflect repetitive questions into a song they may know, or something else they may be interested in. On point 3, I have a standard answer. One lady likes to relate how much it meant to her that my mother would deliver parcels to their door when she was delivering mail with the horse and sleigh. Then she asks, "How is your mother?". My mother has been dead for 25 years, so I just say, "She's about the same." and that is accepted with a knowing nod. On point 4, I have found they get confused by my asking them how they are doing, but asking them, "How are you doing today/this morning?" seems to work quite well. Generally: First, try to do things at their speed. When I sing individually with the residents, it may take twice as long to sing a chorus with one as it took with the one before. Second, remember that they like to be touched, so hold their hands when you talk to them or sing with them. Third, they notice things that you might not. At the end of one session several people had come over to give me a hug. As I turned to leave one lady said, "How come you gave them hugs and didn't give me one." Fourth, don't get offended by what they say. I asked one lady if she wanted to sing with me and she said, "No, I don't trust you.". Her husband, who was visiting, was so embarrassed he came over afterwards to apologize. Then we had a chance to talk about how the dementia had changed his wife. Just some thoughts on how to relate to some situations. Didn't intend to be so long.

My grandfather used to be a police officer and often says he needs to get going because he's got to get to work. I don't know the best way to approach this topic, does anyone have any ideas it'd be much appreciated?

Hi Jade, thanks for getting in touch.
You may find it useful to call our Helpline on 0300 222 1122 to talk this through with one of our advisers. They are open seven days a week: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/national-dementia-helpline
It may also be worth asking this question to members on Dementia Talking Point, our online community, for their suggestions. It gives you an opportunity to talk to other people online who may have experienced a similar thing: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/talking-point-our-online-comm…
Hope this helps, Jade.
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Alzheimer's Society blog team

I have read each comment with interest and wish to applaud each writer as they have given me such support.
As a person watching the alteration in the behaviour of a loved one it is hard to cope with the sense of loss of that person's individuality.
I am finding it hard to cope with the loss of my loved one by gradual degrees.
Sudden loss is one thing. Death by degrees is so painful to witness.
Thank you to everyone who has shared their experiences in order to support me.
I am beginning to understand the meaning of Carer.

My husband has recently been diagnosed with vascular dementia. We have a conversation and three hours later he has forgot it, We are due a visit from the nurse who referred him to hospital I had conversation with her and she says she is going to ask for second opinion there are white marks all over his brain scan I am so confused at the moment a bit lost

I look after an old friend with Dementia, recently he has said people have been to his house, sometimes myself when clearly I have not has anyone else experienced this

My mum had Vascular Dementia. Some days she would cry that my Dad didn’t visit. Some days she would cry because he was dead. Both times I would comfort her according to which memory she had. I would say things like Dads at cricket mum, you know how he loves cricket, but he sends his love and will pop in tomorrow. Or I would say even though Dad is no longer with us, you had the best time together and you looked after him so well. Both explanations calmed her. Living in her world was so important.

In my opinion first step is to educate yourself with respect to memory loss, causes, symptoms and remediation strategies. Second you must determine the needs and requirements of your loved ones such as; emotional, personal, and health needs. Thirdly you must safety proof your home, as patients with dementia often exhibit unpredictable behavior. It could be quite difficult to look after a patient with memory loss specifically while fulfilling your other responsibilities, therefore it would be best to enroll the patient in an assisted living facility like Avantgarde where they remain under supervision of certified and professional care professionals 24*7.

Visit for the best psychiatric hospital in India. It known for the treatment against psychiatric and mental health issues. It's located at the shahdara delhi, Residential and out patient both services are available.

Good tips here thank you which we as a family "try" to remember.
Re 1 we find getting the old family photo albums out works a treat and leads to some lovely conversations & memory sharing with mum.

Useful, thoughtful information, but I'm not sure about avoiding saying love, dear etc.

When the person keeps saying in front of lots of people ‘it would be nice if someone told me these things’ accusingly on a regular basis when they’ve been involved in the original conversation. This is so hard to deal with. Everyone thinking I’m just not communicating with him. It hurts so much. If I say ‘i told you about this ‘ I’m wrong and if I say’ oh I forgot to tell you ‘ I’m also very wrong. No way out.

I understand your point regarding "I/remember when?" but my Mum went from early dementia (still driving and being a high functioning person with dementia) to late stage (24 hr care, no mobility, FULL care) as a result of a fall resulting in a head injury (and brain bleed) within days.
My Mum loves to hear about "do you remember?" followed by random stories, even if she doesn't actually really remember them. The best thing I noticed last night was her attention when I spoke about how I feel (we were watching the BBC1 program about anxiety). I've never told her how I actually feel or my concerns that I pass everything on to my 3 kids - she really was listening and even spoke and held out her hand - she is and always will be my Mum x

Hello H, thanks for your comment and sorry to hear that your mum's dementia has progressed suddenly.
Each case is different, so it's good to hear your mum is responding well to 'Do you remember'. If something is working well then there's no reason to stop.
Please don't hesitate to contact our helpline if you need any information, advice or support: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/national-dementia-helpline
Best wishes
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Alzheimer's Society blog team