Is it getting older or dementia?
It's a normal sign of ageing to become more forgetful. Find out how for someone with dementia, changes will be different and affect their life more.
How is normal ageing different from dementia?
As people get older, they are likely to notice some changes in their mental abilities. Though these changes can be frustrating, they are a natural part of ageing.
Dementia is not a normal part of getting older.
When a person has dementia, this worsening in mental abilities is much more serious. For a health professional to diagnose dementia, a person's symptoms must be significantly affecting their daily life. This means having difficulties with completing daily tasks about the house, in the community or at work.
Normal signs of ageing
People often forget things more as they get older. Most often this is a normal sign of ageing. Generally, if a problem is mildly annoying but doesn’t affect your ability to do things in everyday life, then it’s unlikely to be a sign of dementia.
For example, many people find as they get older that they are more likely to:
- forget the names of people they don’t know well
- have difficulty taking in new information as quickly they used to
- misplace items, such as keys or glasses, around the house
- miss the occasional appointment or birthday
- not be able to find the right word during a conversation
- struggle with new technology, such as apps and smart devices
- need to take a bit longer to think things through
For most people, these are not early signs of dementia.
Symptoms of dementia
Dementia is a group of symptoms. It’s caused by different diseases that damage the brain.
The symptoms of dementia may be small to start with, but get worse over time and include:
- memory loss
- confusion and needing help with daily tasks
- problems with language and understanding
- changes in behaviour
The difference between normal ageing and dementia
These tables show the main symptoms of the most common types of dementia, which are Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. People with these conditions are likely to have at least some of these symptoms, although they may not have all of them.
Less common types of dementia, like dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), may share some of these symptoms. However, their main symptoms are different and are not shown in these tables.
The changes in the tables below may also be caused by other health conditions. For this reason, it’s important not to use these tables to try to diagnose dementia in yourself or someone else.
Dementia can only be diagnosed by a qualified health professional.
| Common signs of ageing | Possible symptoms of dementia |
|---|---|
| Common signs of ageingForgetting something you were told a while ago. | Possible symptoms of dementiaForgetting something you were only recently told. You may ask for the same information repeatedly – for example, 'Are the doors locked?'. |
| Common signs of ageingMisplacing things from time to time – for example, your phone, glasses or the TV remote – but retracing steps to find them. | Possible symptoms of dementiaPutting objects in unusual places – for example, putting your house keys in the bathroom cabinet. |
| Common signs of ageingTaking longer to work out new tasks, such as how to set up and use a new appliance or device. | Possible symptoms of dementiaBeing unable to learn new tasks, like setting up and using a new appliance or device. |
| Common signs of ageing | Possible symptoms of dementia |
|---|---|
| Common signs of ageingBeing a bit slower when planning, but being able to think things through. | Possible symptoms of dementiaGetting very confused when planning or thinking things through. |
| Common signs of ageingFinding it harder to do several tasks at once, but being able to focus on a single task. | Possible symptoms of dementiaStruggling to stay focused on a single task. |
| Common signs of ageingOccasionally making decisions without fully thinking them through. | Possible symptoms of dementiaNot making informed, careful decisions when dealing with money or looking at risks. |
| Common signs of ageingSometimes making a mistake with a new payment, but being able to manage overall budgets. | Possible symptoms of dementiaFinding it hard to manage regular payments, budgets or monthly bills. |
| Common signs of ageing | Possible symptoms of dementia |
|---|---|
| Common signs of ageingOccasionally struggling to find the right word, but remembering it eventually. | Possible symptoms of dementiaHaving frequent problems finding the right word or regularly referring to objects as 'that thing'. |
| Common signs of ageingNeeding to concentrate harder to keep up with a conversation, but being able to join in when focused. | Possible symptoms of dementiaFinding it hard to take part in conversations. |
| Common signs of ageingLosing track of the conversation if you’re distracted or if many people are speaking at once. | Possible symptoms of dementiaRegularly being unable to follow what someone is saying even without distractions. |
| Common signs of ageing | Possible symptoms of dementia |
|---|---|
| Common signs of ageingGetting confused about the day or the week but figuring it out later. | Possible symptoms of dementiaLosing track of the date, season or the passage of time. |
| Common signs of ageingGetting lost in a place you don’t know well, but being able to figure out where you need to be. | Possible symptoms of dementiaRegularly being unable to follow what someone is saying even without distractions. |
| Common signs of ageing | Possible symptoms of dementia |
|---|---|
| Common signs of ageingHaving misty or cloudy vision, caused by cataracts or other changes in the eyes. | Possible symptoms of dementiaHaving problems making sense of what you see. For example, having difficulty judging distances on stairs, or mistaking reflections or patterns for other objects. |
| Common signs of ageing | Possible symptoms of dementia |
|---|---|
| Common signs of ageingSometimes feeling reluctant to join in at work, family and social meetings. | Possible symptoms of dementiaBecoming withdrawn and losing interest in work, friends or hobbies. |
| Common signs of ageingSometimes feeling a bit low or anxious. | Possible symptoms of dementiaFeeling unusually sad, anxious, frightened or low in confidence. |
| Common signs of ageingBecoming irritable when a routine is disrupted, but being able to cope with the change. | Possible symptoms of dementiaGetting easily upset at home, at work, with friends or in places that usually feel comfortable or familiar. |
How we support you
Get advice and information, whether you are worried about your memory, waiting for a referral or already diagnosed.
- Call our support line to speak to a trained adviser
- Visit our online forum to hear from people in the same situation
You may also be interested in
Find out how to get a dementia diagnosis and why it can help you access the right support. Diagnosis stages are different for everyone and we can offer advice and a symptoms checklist to help you speak to your doctor.
Alzheimer's Society dementia support line
Call 0333 150 3456.
If you are affected by dementia, worried about a diagnosis or a carer, trained staff are ready to give you the support you need. Opening hours (excluding bank holidays): Mon to Weds: 9am – 8pm, Thurs and Fri: 9am – 5pm, Sat and Sun: 10am – 4pm.
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